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Psychiatric disorders in pre-schoolers

D S Kong1

  • 1Psychiatric & Behavioural Medicine Clinic, Mt Elizabeth Medical Centre, Singapore.

Singapore Medical Journal
|June 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary
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Preschool psychiatric disorders, primarily behavior problems, affect 7% of children. Causes include stress, attachment issues, temperament, and environmental factors, with treatments ranging from therapy to medication for ADHD.

Area of Science:

  • Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • Preschool psychiatric disorders are common, with behavior problems being the most prevalent.
  • These issues can stem from stress reactions, attachment difficulties, and temperamental traits like shyness or aggressiveness.
  • Developmental disorders such as enuresis, encopresis, and constipation are frequently associated with behavioral problems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the spectrum of psychiatric disorders observed in preschoolers.
  • To highlight the prevalence and etiological factors of these disorders.
  • To discuss current assessment and management strategies for preschool psychiatric conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of psychiatric disorders in preschoolers.

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  • Analysis of etiological factors, including biological and psychosocial contributions.
  • Examination of assessment tools like IQ, behavioral checklists, and direct observation.

    • Main Results:

    • Behavior problems are the most common psychiatric issue in preschoolers, affecting approximately 7% in Singapore.
    • Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Pervasive Developmental Disorders (PDDs) often emerge during the preschool years.
    • Psychosocial factors, particularly the home environment and quality of care, significantly contribute to these disorders.

    Conclusions:

    • Preschool psychiatric disorders encompass a range of conditions, with behavioral issues being prominent.
    • Effective management requires a comprehensive approach, considering biological and psychosocial influences.
    • Assessment involves developmental data and direct observation, while treatment includes behavioral therapy, family therapy, and pharmacotherapy for conditions like ADHD.