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Poisonous snakebite in Utah

D M Plowman1, T L Reynolds, S M Joyce

  • 1Division of Emergency Medicine, Logan Regional Hospital, Logan, Utah, USA.

The Western Journal of Medicine
|December 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary
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Utah rattlesnake bites are most common in males during summer recreation. Many victims received no or harmful first aid, and antivenin dosages were often insufficient, highlighting a need for better public education and poison control center utilization.

Area of Science:

  • Toxicology
  • Epidemiology
  • Emergency Medicine

Background:

  • Poisonous snakebites pose a public health concern, particularly in regions with venomous reptile populations.
  • Understanding the epidemiology and treatment patterns of snakebites is crucial for improving patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the current epidemiology and scope of treatment for poisonous snakebites in Utah.
  • To identify trends in bite circumstances, victim demographics, and medical interventions.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective study analyzed 61 poisonous snakebite cases in Utah over 69 months.
  • Data were collected from emergency department logs and other statewide sources.
  • Cases included accidental bites from native snakes and nonaccidental bites from captive snakes.

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Main Results:

  • Of 48 accidental bites, most occurred in males (mean age 22) during summer recreation. 23% were provoked.
  • Upper extremities were most commonly affected. Over half received no recorded first aid; some received harmful treatments.
  • Half of bites had minimal envenomation; 35% moderate, 12% severe. Antivenin dosages were often suboptimal. One fatality occurred in a nonaccidental incident.

Conclusions:

  • Snakebite incidents in Utah often involve preventable circumstances and suboptimal treatment.
  • There is a need for improved public education on snakebite first aid and increased utilization of poison control resources.
  • Further research on long-term morbidity is warranted due to lack of follow-up data.