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Related Experiment Videos

HIV acquires functional adhesion receptors from host cells

M M Guo1, J E Hildreth

  • 1Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.

AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses
|September 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) can acquire functional CD44 adhesion molecules from host cells. This acquired CD44 allows HIV to bind hyaluronic acid, impacting viral tropism and infectivity.

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • CD4 is the primary receptor for HIV, but other molecules may facilitate infection.
  • Cell adhesion molecules on susceptible cells have been implicated in HIV biology.
  • Previous studies show HIV and SIV acquire cell adhesion molecules from host cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if CD44 acquired by HIV retains biological activity.
  • To investigate the functional implications of acquired CD44 on HIV.
  • To explore how acquired adhesion molecules affect HIV tropism and infectivity.

Main Methods:

  • Testing CEMx174 cells (CD4-positive, HIV-susceptible) for hyaluronic acid binding via CD44.
  • Stimulating cells with phorbol ester to induce CD44-mediated binding.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Analyzing HIV derived from stimulated and unstimulated cells for hyaluronic acid binding through acquired CD44.

    • Main Results:

    • Phorbol ester-stimulated CEMx174 cells exhibited inducible binding to hyaluronic acid through CD44.
    • HIV derived from stimulated cells, but not unstimulated cells, bound hyaluronic acid via acquired CD44.
    • This is the first demonstration of functional adhesion molecules acquired by HIV.

    Conclusions:

    • Acquired CD44 on HIV is biologically active and can mediate binding to hyaluronic acid.
    • HIV may bind to any cell or substrate its host cell binds to.
    • Functional adhesion receptors on HIV have significant implications for viral tropism, infectivity, and dissemination.