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The Pasteur effect in human platelets: implications for storage and metabolic control

M Guppy1, L Abas, P G Arthur

  • 1Biochemistry Department, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia.

British Journal of Haematology
|November 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary
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Platelets do not exhibit the Pasteur effect until oxygen levels are critically low, suggesting it does not cause platelet death during typical storage. This finding impacts understanding of cellular metabolism and oxygen diffusion.

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Cellular Metabolism
  • Hematology

Background:

  • The Pasteur effect, an increase in glycolysis under anaerobic conditions, and associated acidosis are implicated in platelet degradation during storage.
  • Understanding the precise oxygen thresholds for this effect is crucial for improving platelet viability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the Pasteur effect in platelets across a range of oxygen partial pressures (pO2).
  • To determine if the Pasteur effect contributes significantly to platelet death during standard blood product storage.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a defined platelet preparation system to measure oxidative and glycolytic ATP production.
  • Assessed ATP production across varying oxygen concentrations, from 158 mmHg (saturating) to 0 mmHg (anoxic).

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Main Results:

  • Platelets only demonstrated a significant Pasteur effect (1.5-fold increase in lactate production) at pO2 levels below 2.0 mmHg.
  • Typical platelet storage conditions maintain pO2 above 50 mmHg, well above the threshold for a significant Pasteur effect.

Conclusions:

  • The Pasteur effect is unlikely to be a primary cause of platelet death during standard storage due to sufficient oxygen levels.
  • Findings suggest oxygen diffusion may limit oxidative metabolism in larger cells and that the Pasteur effect might be more commonly fully compensative than previously thought, given recent data on P/O2 ratios.