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A pumping artificial lung

A J Makarewicz1, L F Mockros, R W Anderson

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA.

ASAIO Journal (American Society for Artificial Internal Organs : 1992)
|July 1, 1994
PubMed
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A novel device integrates a centrifugal pump and artificial lung using gas-exchanging fibers in impeller vanes. While demonstrating effective pumping, further development is needed to enhance gas exchange for clinical applications.

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Cardiovascular Devices
  • Respiratory Support

Background:

  • Current extracorporeal life support (ECLS) systems often involve multiple components.
  • Integrating pumping and gas exchange functions into a single device could simplify circuits and improve efficiency.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate a novel integrated centrifugal pump and artificial lung device.
  • To assess the pumping and gas exchange capabilities of prototype devices.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a single device where impeller vanes are constructed from gas-exchanging microporous fibers.
  • In vitro testing of five prototype devices with varying gas exchange surface areas (0.09–0.35 m²).
  • Characterization of fluid pumping and gas transfer (O2 and CO2) performance.

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Main Results:

  • Prototypes demonstrated effective fluid pumping, with the largest device achieving 2.7 L/min at a 91 mmHg pressure difference.
  • Preliminary gas transfer rates were 33 mL/min for oxygen and 35 mL/min for carbon dioxide.
  • Pumping performance was adequate, but gas exchange efficiency requires improvement.

Conclusions:

  • The integrated pump-lung device shows promise for applications like emergency cardiopulmonary bypass and ECLS.
  • Enhancing gas exchange surface area and minimizing blood shunting are critical for future iterations.
  • Further development is needed to optimize gas exchange for clinical viability.