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Determination of high level resistance to aminoglycosides among enterococci

B P Cherian1, E Mathai, S Chandy

  • 1Department of Microbiology, Christian Medical College & Hospital, Vellore.

Insights

Many enterococci strains resistant to gentamicin are not highly resistant. High-level resistance testing is crucial for guiding treatment in serious infections, especially with aminoglycoside antibiotics.

Area of Science:

  • Clinical Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Antimicrobial Resistance

Background:

  • Enterococci are significant nosocomial pathogens.
  • Aminoglycoside antibiotics are vital for treating serious enterococcal infections.
  • High-level aminoglycoside resistance (HLAR) in enterococci compromises treatment efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the prevalence of high-level gentamicin resistance (HLGR) in enterococci strains exhibiting gentamicin disc resistance.
  • To assess high-level kanamycin resistance (HLKR) and high-level streptomycin resistance (HLSR) in the same isolates.
  • To compare the accuracy of a high-content disc diffusion test with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for detecting HLAR.

Main Methods:

  • Two hundred and ten enterococcal strains with gentamicin disc resistance were tested.
  • Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined.
  • A high-content disc diffusion test was employed.
  • Correlation between MIC results and disc diffusion tests was analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Only 67% of gentamicin-resistant strains demonstrated high-level gentamicin resistance.
  • High-level kanamycin resistance was observed in 84% of strains, and high-level streptomycin resistance in 61%.
  • Locally manufactured high-content discs showed 100% correlation with MIC results.

Conclusions:

  • A significant proportion of enterococci with gentamicin resistance do not possess high-level resistance.
  • Routine reporting of high-level enterococcal resistance is recommended, particularly for isolates from severe infections.
  • Accurate and accessible methods for detecting HLAR are essential for effective patient management.

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