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Do cardiovascular disease risk factors predict all-cause mortality?

A Norrish1, D North, R L Yee

  • 1Department of Community Health, School of Medicine, University of Auckland, New Zealand.

International Journal of Epidemiology
|October 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary

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Standard cardiovascular risk factors like smoking and high blood pressure increase all-cause mortality risk in men. Conversely, higher high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol and socioeconomic status are linked to lower mortality risk.

Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Cardiovascular Health
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Cardiovascular diseases remain a leading cause of mortality globally.
  • Identifying modifiable risk factors is crucial for public health interventions.
  • Understanding the relationship between common risk factors and overall mortality provides valuable insights.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the associations between established cardiovascular risk factors and all-cause mortality.
  • To quantify the relative risks (RR) associated with various risk factors in a defined cohort.
  • To inform preventive strategies by clarifying the impact of these factors on mortality.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 1029 New Zealand men aged 35-64 years was followed for 9 years.
Keywords:
AdultAge FactorsAge Specific Death RateAlcohol DrinkingBehaviorBiologyCardiovascular EffectsCholesterolCohort AnalysisDeath RateDemographic FactorsDeveloped CountriesDiseasesFollow-up StudiesHeart DiseasesLipidsMiddle Aged--menModels, TheoreticalMortality--menNew ZealandOceaniaPhysiologyPopulationPopulation CharacteristicsPopulation DynamicsResearch MethodologyRisk FactorsSmokingStudiesTreatment

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  • Mortality data were collected and analyzed using a proportional hazards regression model.
  • Age-adjusted relative risks were calculated for associations between risk factors and all-cause mortality.

    • Main Results:

    • All-cause mortality was positively associated with cigarette smoking (RR=2.01), systolic blood pressure (RR=2.18), and body mass index (RR=1.59).
    • Inverse associations were observed for high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol (RR=0.45) and socioeconomic status (RR=1.70).
    • Light alcohol consumption showed a reduced mortality risk (RR=0.63), but this effect diminished with higher intake.

    Conclusions:

    • Standard cardiovascular risk factors significantly influence all-cause mortality in middle-aged and older men.
    • Modifiable factors such as smoking, blood pressure, and BMI are key targets for reducing mortality.
    • Higher HDL-cholesterol and favorable socioeconomic status are protective against all-cause mortality.