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Experimental occlusal interferences. Part IV. Mandibular rotations induced by a pliable interference

L V Christensen1, N M Rassouli

  • 1Marquette University, School of Dentistry, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.

Journal of Oral Rehabilitation
|November 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary

Occlusal interferences, simulated by dental splints, caused significant jaw condyle rotation during biting. This suggests potential short- and long-term detrimental effects on mastication from such dental issues.

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Area of Science:

  • Dental biomechanics
  • Oral physiology
  • Biomedical engineering

Background:

  • Occlusal interferences can disrupt normal jaw function during mastication.
  • Understanding the immediate biomechanical effects of occlusal interferences is crucial for assessing potential harm.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the immediate rotational effects on the mandibular condyles caused by an occlusal interference during simulated biting.
  • To quantify condylar rotation in both frontal and horizontal planes under dynamic and static biting conditions.

Main Methods:

  • A custom aluminum shim onlay splint (0.25 mm) was placed between premolars and molars in 12 subjects.
  • Subjects performed dynamic (chewing) and static (clenching) biting tasks with approximately 20 kg force.
  • Rotational electrognathography was used to measure maximum frontal and horizontal plane torque of the mandibular condyles.

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Main Results:

  • A high prevalence (92%) of contralateral frontal plane upward rotation of the condyle was observed.
  • Horizontal plane rotation showed varied results, with a majority of subjects exhibiting backward rotation, predominantly contralateral to the interference.
  • A small percentage of subjects displayed ipsilateral rotation or no horizontal plane rotation.

Conclusions:

  • Simulated occlusal interferences induce measurable rotations in the mandibular condyles.
  • These findings suggest that occlusal interferences may have detrimental short- and long-term consequences on masticatory function.
  • Further research is warranted to explore the clinical implications of these biomechanical changes.