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Pathogen coexistence induced by density-dependent host mortality

V Andreasen1, A Pugliese

  • 1Department of Mathematics and Physics, Roskilde University, Denmark.

Journal of Theoretical Biology
|November 21, 1995
PubMed
Summary

Two competing infectious diseases can coexist in a single host population, but only with strong density regulation. Differences in disease virulence and transmission significantly influence coexistence and evolutionary stability.

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Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Mathematical Biology
  • Ecology

Background:

  • Understanding disease dynamics is crucial for public health and ecological management.
  • Coexistence of multiple pathogens within a single host population presents complex challenges.
  • Cross-protection between diseases can alter pathogen competition dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To model the coexistence of two competing infectious diseases with complete cross-protection in a shared host population.
  • To investigate the role of host density regulation in disease coexistence.
  • To determine factors influencing the evolutionary stability of multiple disease associations.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a mathematical model of infectious disease dynamics.
  • Incorporated host density-dependent regulation.

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  • Analyzed the effects of varying disease parameters (virulence, transmission, cross-protection) on coexistence.

    • Main Results:

    • Coexistence is possible under strong host density regulation.
    • Differential effects of host density on transmission rates and periods drive coexistence.
    • Significant differences in virulence and transmission between diseases promote coexistence.
    • The evolutionary stability of the disease association is sensitive to the virulence-transmission relationship.

    Conclusions:

    • Strong density dependence is a key factor enabling the coexistence of competing diseases.
    • Disease characteristics, particularly virulence and transmission rates, critically impact coexistence.
    • The specific functional relationship between virulence and transmission determines the long-term stability of multiple infections.