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Related Experiment Videos

Reliability of sequential naloxone challenge tests

M I Rosen1, T J McMahon, A Margolin

  • 1Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven 06508, USA.

The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse
|November 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Serial naloxone challenges in heroin addicts on methadone showed high reliability for measuring withdrawal symptoms. Individual differences between subjects were more significant than the challenge number effect.

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Clinical Psychology
  • Addiction Medicine

Background:

  • Naloxone challenges are used to assess opioid antagonist effects.
  • Reliability of repeated naloxone challenges in opioid-dependent individuals is not well-established.
  • Methadone maintenance therapy is a common treatment for heroin addiction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the reliability of serial naloxone challenges in heroin addicts stabilized on methadone.
  • To determine the influence of repeated challenges on withdrawal symptom severity.
  • To assess inter-rater and intra-rater reliability of withdrawal assessments.

Main Methods:

  • Five heroin addicts stabilized on methadone received 0.2 mg naloxone intravenously on three consecutive days.
  • Two-factor ANOVA was used to analyze variance in dependent measures.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were calculated for subject-rated and observer-rated withdrawal, pulse, blood pressure, and skin temperature.

    • Main Results:

    • Between-subject variance accounted for at least 63% of the total variance in dependent measures.
    • The effect of challenge number accounted for at most 22% of the variance.
    • Withdrawal symptoms tended to be slightly more severe on the first challenge.
    • High ICCs were observed for pulse (.88), diastolic blood pressure (.85), and subject-rated withdrawal (.74).
    • Moderate ICCs were found for observer-rated withdrawal (.71), skin temperature (.63), and systolic blood pressure (.58).

    Conclusions:

    • Serial naloxone challenges demonstrate good reliability for assessing withdrawal symptoms in methadone-stabilized heroin addicts.
    • Individual differences among subjects are a major source of variability in response to naloxone challenges.
    • The first naloxone challenge may elicit a slightly more pronounced withdrawal response.