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Hantaviruses: clinical, microbiologic, and epidemiologic aspects

B Hjelle1, S A Jenison, D E Goade

  • 1Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, USA.

Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences
|January 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary

Hantaviruses cause severe diseases like hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) in humans. These viruses, spread by rodents, are found globally and share common symptoms, with HPS being more fatal.

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Hantaviruses, belonging to the Bunyaviridae family, are enveloped viruses with a tripartite RNA genome.
  • They are responsible for two severe human illnesses: hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS).
  • Transmission occurs through inhalation or ingestion of virus-contaminated rodent excreta.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of hantaviruses.
  • To describe the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and laboratory characteristics of HFRS and HPS.
  • To highlight the global distribution and rodent hosts associated with different hantaviruses.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies on hantaviruses.

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  • Analysis of epidemiological data on HFRS and HPS.
  • Compilation of clinical and laboratory findings associated with hantavirus infections.

    • Main Results:

    • HFRS is caused by Old World hantaviruses (Hantaan, Seoul, Dobrava/Belgrade, Puumala) found in murid rodents.
    • HPS is caused by New World hantaviruses associated with Sigmodontinae rodents.
    • Both syndromes share symptoms like fever, myalgia, thrombocytopenia, neutrophilia, and capillary leak syndrome, with HPS having a higher mortality rate.

    Conclusions:

    • Hantaviruses are globally distributed and pose significant public health risks.
    • Understanding the distinct rodent hosts and geographic origins is crucial for disease control.
    • While recovery is typically complete, chronic renal insufficiency can be a rare complication of HFRS.