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Related Experiment Videos

Low temperature and fertilization-induced Ca2+ changes in rat eggs

D Ben-Yosef1, Y Oron, R Shalgi

  • 1Department of Embryology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel.

Molecular Reproduction and Development
|September 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary

Cooling mammalian eggs triggers activation, causing calcium ion transients and oscillations similar to sperm-induced activation. This suggests cooling can induce parthenogenetic activation, highlighting the need for temperature control during egg handling.

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Biology
  • Cellular Physiology
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Mammalian egg activation, essential for meiosis resumption, involves sperm-induced calcium ion concentration ([Ca2+]i) transients and oscillations.
  • Parthenogenetic activation can be induced by various stimuli, also leading to [Ca2+]i elevation.
  • Previous reports suggest cooling can induce egg activation, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanism by which cooling induces egg activation.
  • To characterize the changes in intracellular calcium ion concentration ([Ca2+]i) during cooling-induced egg activation.
  • To compare the calcium dynamics of cooling-induced activation with sperm-induced activation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Fura-2 fluorescence ratio imaging to monitor intracellular calcium ion concentration ([Ca2+]i) in mammalian eggs.

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  • Applied controlled cooling conditions designed to minimize spontaneous activation.
  • Observed and analyzed [Ca2+]i transients, oscillations, and second polar body extrusion.

    • Main Results:

    • Cooling successfully induced egg activation in a significant majority of eggs (78/104).
    • Activated eggs exhibited [Ca2+]i transients, with 35% showing a single transient and 65% displaying multiple transients.
    • A subset of eggs (22%) showed high-frequency [Ca2+]i oscillations, with patterns resembling sperm-activated eggs, though with 2-3 times lower amplitudes.

    Conclusions:

    • Cooling induces mammalian egg activation, characterized by calcium dynamics similar to fertilization.
    • The findings suggest cooling can lead to parthenogenetic activation by affecting [Ca2+]i homeostasis.
    • Strict temperature control is crucial during egg handling to prevent unintended activation.