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Thyroid involvement in patients with active inflammatory bowel diseases

G P Bianchi1, G Marchesini, C Gueli

  • 1Istituto di Clinica Medica Generale e Terapia Medica, Università di Bologna, Italy.

The Italian Journal of Gastroenterology
|July 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is linked to subclinical thyroid changes, including enlarged thyroid volume and altered thyroid function, even without overt thyroid disease symptoms. These findings highlight IBD as a systemic condition with potential multi-organ impact.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Systemic Autoimmune Diseases

Background:

  • Systemic diseases are often associated with thyroid gland disorders, including enlargement and anti-thyroid antibodies.
  • Chronic inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, are known for multi-organ involvement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate subclinical thyroid involvement in patients with active inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
  • To assess thyroid volume and function in IBD patients compared to a control group.

Main Methods:

  • Thyroid volume was measured using ultrasonography in 31 active IBD patients and 50 controls.
  • Blood samples were analyzed for free thyroid hormones, TSH, and anti-thyroid antibodies.

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Main Results:

  • IBD patients showed a 35% average increase in thyroid volume compared to controls.
  • The prevalence of thyroid enlargement was three times higher in IBD patients (45% vs. 16%).
  • Free thyroxine levels were nearly 50% higher in IBD patients, with only 10% having anti-thyroid antibodies.

Conclusions:

  • Thyroid volume and function alterations are present in IBD patients, even without clinically apparent thyroid disease.
  • The association between IBD and thyroid disorders supports the classification of IBD as a systemic disease.
  • IBD's multi-organ involvement, including the thyroid, underscores its systemic nature.