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Sjögren's syndrome with pleural effusion

T Ogihara¹, A Nakatani, H Ito

¹Department of Internal Medicine, Hitachi General Hospital.

Internal Medicine (Tokyo, Japan)

|August 1, 1995

Summary

This case report details a patient with subclinical Sjögren's syndrome (Sjs) who developed unilateral pleuritis. The findings suggest Sjs can be a cause of pleuritis, even in its early stages.

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Area of Science:

Rheumatology
Pulmonology
Immunology

Background:

Sjögren's syndrome (Sjs) is a chronic autoimmune disease primarily affecting exocrine glands.
While Sjs can manifest with various systemic complications, pleuritis is an uncommon manifestation.

Observation:

A 62-year-old patient with subclinical Sjs presented with unilateral pleuritis and moderate pleural effusion.
Diagnostic workup revealed positive anti-SS-A/SS-B antibodies and lymphocytic infiltration in minor salivary gland biopsies.
Pleural fluid analysis showed elevated lymphocytes and the presence of anti-SS-A/SS-B antibodies.

Findings:

The patient had no evidence of infection or malignancy.
No other collagen vascular diseases known to cause pleuritis were identified.

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The pleuritis was attributed to Sjögren's syndrome.

Implications:

This case highlights that Sjögren's syndrome can be an underlying cause of pleuritis.
It suggests that activated B lymphocytes and autoantibodies in Sjs may contribute to pleural inflammation.
Early recognition of Sjs may be crucial in managing patients presenting with unexplained pleuritis.