Polymorphism of angiotensin-converting enzyme gene in sarcoidosis

Sarcoidosis is the disease in which increased levels of serum Angiotensin-converting enzyme (sACE) are most often detected. It has recently been shown that the deletion (D) or the insertion (I) of a 250bp-DNA fragment in the ACE gene accounts for three main ACE genotypes (i.e., II, ID, and DD) and for 47% of total phenotypic variance in sACE level. The aim of our work was to investigate whether or not patients with sarcoidosis have an increased incidence of those ACE genotypes coding for highest sACE levels and to investigate whether or not sACE level in sarcoidosis is related to ACE genotypes. We studied 61 unrelated patients with sarcoidosis (test group) and 80 unrelated healthy control subjects (control group). The ACE I and D alleles were detected with polymerase chain reaction on genomic DNA. In the control group we found an ACE genotype distribution that agreed with the Hardy-Weinberg proportion. The ACE genotype distribution was not significantly different in the test group. There was no correlation between ACE genotype and roentgenologic stage of sarcoidosis. Plotting the sACE level in the control group against ACE genotype, we found a trend of increasing mean sACE value according to the order II < ID < DD. The same trend for ACE genotype was found in the test group, in which it also paralleled the trend of sACE values plotted against roentgenologic stage, according to the order Stage I < Stage II < Stage III. We conclude that in sarcoidosis the ACE genotype distribution is not altered. The trends for increasing sACE values in sarcoidosis according to both ACE genotype and roentgenologic stage would suggest that both mechanisms play a role in determining sACE level.