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Sources of PCDD/PCDF and impact on the environment
1University of Bayreuth, Germany.
Chemosphere
|January 1, 1996
Summary
Polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/PCDF) are emitted from industrial processes and recycling plants. Seasonal variations in ambient air levels mean short-term measurements cannot determine annual averages.
Area of Science:
- Environmental Chemistry
- Industrial Emissions
- Toxicology
Background:
- Polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/PCDF) are persistent organic pollutants formed during various industrial and thermal processes.
- Combustion sources, including municipal waste incinerators and certain recycling plants, are significant contributors to ambient air levels of PCDD/PCDF.
- PCDD/PCDF can accumulate in environmental reservoirs like sewage sludge and compost, leading to potential re-entry into agricultural soils.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the formation and emission sources of PCDD/PCDF.
- To analyze seasonal trends in ambient air concentrations of PCDD/PCDF.
- To assess the implications of environmental reservoirs for PCDD/PCDF distribution.
Main Methods:
- Measurement of PCDD/PCDF concentrations in flue gases from various thermal emitters.
- Long-term monitoring of ambient air concentrations of PCDD/PCDF.
- Analysis of seasonal trends and implications for calculating annual means.
Main Results:
- Recycling plants can emit high concentrations of PCDD/PCDF.
- Ambient air concentrations of PCDD/PCDF exhibit a distinct seasonal trend, being higher in winter and lower in summer.
- Short-term measurements are insufficient for accurate calculation of annual average ambient air concentrations or deposition rates.
Conclusions:
- Industrial and thermal processes, particularly recycling plants, are important sources of PCDD/PCDF emissions.
- Seasonal variations significantly impact ambient air levels, necessitating long-term monitoring for accurate environmental assessment.
- The application of contaminated sewage sludge and compost poses a risk of PCDD/PCDF redistribution into agricultural ecosystems.
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