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Updated: Jul 29, 2026

Handwriting Analysis Indicates Spontaneous Dyskinesias in Neuroleptic Naïve Adolescents at High Risk for Psychosis
Published on: November 21, 2013
Developmental and symptom specificity of hopelessness, cognitive errors, and attributional bias among clinic-referred
R Ostrander1, W R Nay, D Anderson
1Department of Psychiatry, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D.C. 20007, USA.
Abstract:
The present study examined the unique and interactive relationships between age and indices of psychopathology (i.e., anxiety, aggression, and depression), with three types of maladaptive cognitions: hopelessness, negative cognitive errors, and attributional bias. Some negative cognitions were not unique to depression and were associated with broader psychopathology. Developmental considerations also influenced some negative cognitions or qualified the association between negative cognitions and depression.
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