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[New views on gastrointestinal hormones]

W Domschke, S Domschke

    Fortschritte Der Medizin
    |April 14, 1977
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study reviews gastrointestinal hormones, detailing their diverse roles in digestion, satiety, and even as neurotransmitters in the central nervous system. New findings highlight their diagnostic potential and paracrine functions.

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    Area of Science:

    • Gastroenterology
    • Neuroendocrinology
    • Molecular Biology

    Context:

    • Established gastrointestinal hormones like secretin, cholecystokinin-pancreozymin (CCK-PZ), gastrin, and glucagon are well-known.
    • Over 30 polypeptides with gastrointestinal actions have been identified, expanding our understanding of digestive system regulation.

    Purpose:

    • To review new aspects and emerging roles of gastrointestinal polypeptides.
    • To highlight their potential as diagnostic markers and their functions in the central nervous system and local signaling.

    Summary:

    • Gastrin and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) function as neurotransmitters in the central nervous system.
    • Elevated CCK-PZ serum concentrations may indicate exocrine pancreatic insufficiency and act as a satiety signal.
    • Secretin may act as a lipolytic hormone, while gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) influences insulin release.
    • Motilin affects esophageal pressure and gastric emptying.
    • Pancreatic polypeptide levels can indicate endocrine pancreatic tumors.
    • Local paracrine actions of gastrointestinal polypeptides are increasingly recognized.

    Impact:

    • New diagnostic screening tests for pancreatic insufficiency may be developed based on CCK-PZ levels.
    • Understanding the central nervous system roles of these hormones could lead to new therapeutic targets.
    • The emphasis on paracrine actions opens avenues for research into local regulation of gastrointestinal function.

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