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Hormonal changes in normal and polycythemic high-altitude natives

A M Antezana1, J P Richalet, I Noriega

  • 1Association pour la Recherche en Physiologie de l'Environnement, Bobigny, France.

Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)
|September 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary

High-altitude hypoxia impacts the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) release. Hormonal responses to exercise are altered in high-altitude natives, suggesting adaptations to reduced oxygen levels.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Physiology
  • Cardiovascular Endocrinology
  • Altitude Medicine

Background:

  • High-altitude (HA) hypoxia affects hormonal systems like the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP).
  • Hormonal regulation in high-altitude natives may differ due to chronic exposure, blood volume, and pulmonary pressures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of acute and chronic high-altitude hypoxia on RAAS and ANP in sea-level natives and high-altitude residents.
  • To compare hormonal responses to rest and maximal exercise in normocythemic and polycythemic high-altitude natives versus sea-level controls.

Main Methods:

  • Studied 24 men at 3,600m (La Paz) divided into normocythemic (HAN) and polycythemic (HAP) groups.
  • A control group of 9 sea-level (SL) residents were studied at sea-level (SLN) and after 4 days at 4,350m (SLH).

Related Experiment Videos

  • Measured plasma active renin (PAR), aldosterone, ANP, potassium, norepinephrine, and pulmonary arterial systolic pressure at rest and during maximal exercise.

    • Main Results:

    • Plasma active renin and aldosterone were lower in SLH vs. SLN. PAR and norepinephrine were higher in HA natives vs. SLN.
    • Renin response to exercise was normal in HAN but decreased in HAP. Aldosterone response to exercise was attenuated in both HA groups.
    • Aldosterone response to renin was maintained in SLH but attenuated in HA groups, potentially for salt/water retention. Resting and exercise ANP were lower in HA groups vs. SLN.

    Conclusions:

    • High-altitude exposure alters RAAS and ANP regulation, with attenuated aldosterone responses in HA natives possibly serving a protective role against fluid retention.
    • Differences in hormonal responses exist between acute and chronic HA exposure, and between normocythemic and polycythemic HA residents.