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Viral hepatitis: a review

C J Acorn¹, C C Millar, S K Hoffman

¹School of Optometry, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.

Optometry and Vision Science : Official Publication of the American Academy of Optometry

|October 1, 1995

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Viral hepatitis encompasses multiple liver infections, with over 300,000 U.S. cases annually. Awareness is crucial for healthcare providers due to potential transmission and severe health outcomes.

Area of Science:

Hepatology
Virology
Public Health

Background:

Viral hepatitis comprises diverse liver conditions caused by various agents.
It can lead to a broad range of systemic and hepatic manifestations.
Five distinct hepatitis viruses primarily affect the liver.

Purpose of the Study:

To inform healthcare professionals, specifically optometrists, about viral hepatitis.
To highlight the prevalence and transmission risks of viral hepatitis.
To underscore the potential for severe and chronic health consequences.

Main Methods:

Review of reported and estimated viral hepatitis cases in the U.S.
Discussion of viral hepatitis transmission routes, including bodily fluids.
Analysis of the spectrum of clinical manifestations and outcomes.

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Main Results:

Over 60,000 cases reported annually, with an estimated 300,000+ actual occurrences.
Hepatitis viruses can be present in all bodily fluids, posing transmission risks.
Infections range from subclinical to acute, chronic, and fatal outcomes like cirrhosis and cancer.

Conclusions:

Viral hepatitis is a prevalent and transmissible condition with significant health implications.
Healthcare providers must be aware of viral hepatitis facts for patient and provider safety.
Optometrists, in particular, should be informed due to potential clinical exposure.