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Related Experiment Videos

Activation in novice and expert parachutists while jumping

W T Roth1, G Breivik, P E Jørgensen

  • 1Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.

Psychophysiology
|January 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary

This study on sports parachutists found that anxiety and heart rate peaked at the jump point for both novices and experts. This suggests anxiety extinction rather than learned inhibition in experienced skydivers.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychophysiology
  • Sports Psychology

Background:

  • Previous research suggested experts experience anxiety earlier in skydiving.
  • Understanding the psychophysiological responses to high-risk activities is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the temporal patterns of anxiety and physiological responses in novice and expert skydivers during static-line jumps.
  • To compare psychophysiological responses between different experience levels in sports parachuting.

Main Methods:

  • Ambulatory measurement of heart rate and respiration in 16 novice and 25 expert skydivers during static-line jumps.
  • Self-reported anxiety levels were collected.
  • Physical exertion effects were controlled using ground-based jump simulations.
  • Cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed via exercise testing.

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Main Results:

  • Both novice and expert skydivers exhibited peak heart rate and self-reported anxiety near the point of jumping.
  • Heart rate increased significantly from pre-jump to jump phases in both groups, with physical exertion accounting for a substantial portion.
  • Expert skydivers demonstrated higher cardiorespiratory fitness.
  • Respiration rates were elevated in the aircraft, particularly in novices.

Conclusions:

  • The findings contradict earlier reports by showing anxiety and heart rate peaks coincide with the jump, not preceding it in experts.
  • The data supports the theory of anticipatory anxiety extinction over learned anxiety inhibition in experienced skydivers.
  • Physiological responses during jumps are influenced by both psychological factors and physical exertion.