Protective effect of coconut oil on renal necrosis occurring in rats fed a methyl-deficient diet

Weanling rats fed a methyl-deficient diet develop renal necrosis with acute renal failure. The aim of this experiment was to explore further the role of coconut oil in this experimental model. Weanling Wistar male rats were fed methyl-deficient and their controls were fed methyl-supplemented diets. Coconut oil was fed at 14% and 20%, the latter concentration with and without 1% safflower oil (rich in linoleic acid); other groups received similar diets but instead of coconut oil, a mixture of hydrogenated vegetable oil and corn oil (rich in unsaturated fatty acids) was employed. Coconut oil fed at a 14% concentration did not evidence any protective outcome in relation to the renal lesions. Coconut oil at a 20% concentration showed a protective effect, mainly when the diet included safflower oil. The renal protective effect was evidenced by less or no mortality and increased survival time in the methyl-deficient rats receiving coconut oil, as well as by a reduced incidence (%) and severity of the renal lesions as evaluated by renal weight, and type (tubular and cortical necrosis or repair) and extent (grade) of the renal damage. The lack of a protective outcome when coconut oil was fed at 14%, along with the fact that in those rats receiving coconut oil at 20% the protection was greater when the diet was supplemented with 1% safflower oil, indicates that the protective effect should be attributed to the type of fatty acids coconut oil has and not to their shortage of essential fatty acids.