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Related Concept Videos

Lung Capacity01:47

Lung Capacity

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The air in the lungs is measured in volumes and capacities. Lung volume measures reflect the amount of air taken in, released, or left over after a lung function, like a single inhalation. Lung capacity measures are sums of two or more lung volume measures.
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

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Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

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Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis V01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V

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Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the...
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Other Pulmonary Disorders01:17

Other Pulmonary Disorders

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Respiratory disorders encompass a range of conditions with varying levels of severity. Asthma, marked by chronic airway inflammation and hypersensitivity, is one such condition. It can lead to airway obstruction due to factors like bronchial spasms, mucosal edema, increased mucus secretion, or epithelial damage. Asthma triggers are diverse, ranging from allergens to emotional upset, and treatment focuses on both immediate relief through bronchodilators and long-term inflammation suppression.
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Overview of Pulmonary Circulation01:19

Overview of Pulmonary Circulation

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The pulmonary circulation is a vital system in our body that acts as a bridge between the respiratory and cardiovascular systems. It serves as a transport network for deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs and then returns oxygen-rich blood back to the heart.
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Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

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Assessment of the effect of pharmacotherapy in common cold/acute bronchitis - the Bronchitis Severity Scale (BSS).

Pneumologie (Stuttgart, Germany)·2014
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Symbols, abbreviations and units.

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Positioning of the Bronchitis Severity Score (BSS) for standardised use in clinical studies.

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Efficacy and tolerability of EPs 7630 tablets in patients with acute bronchitis: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled dose-finding study with a herbal drug preparation from Pelargonium sidoides.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 10, 2026

Orthotopic Left Lung Transplantation in Rats
08:22

Orthotopic Left Lung Transplantation in Rats

Published on: July 3, 2025

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[Pulmonary emphysema--lung transplantation]

H Matthys1

  • 1Abteilung Pneumologie, Medizinische Univ. Klinik Freiburg.

Versicherungsmedizin
|December 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) from smoking causes emphysema and respiratory failure. Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, a rare genetic defect, also leads to emphysema, particularly in non-smokers.

Area of Science:

  • Pulmonology
  • Genetics
  • Pathology

Context:

  • Emphysema, a major cause of respiratory failure, is often linked to smoking and develops into chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
  • Centrilobular emphysema, the most common type, results from an imbalance of proteases and oxidants, often exacerbated by smoking.
  • Panlobular emphysema, associated with alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency, affects non-smokers and leads to early mortality.

Purpose:

  • To differentiate the histological and functional patterns of smoking-induced emphysema (COPD) and alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency emphysema.
  • To outline the current prophylactic and therapeutic strategies for different types of emphysema.
  • To discuss the impact of treatments like oxygen therapy and lung transplantation on patient outcomes.

Summary:

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Lung Fixation under Constant Pressure for Evaluation of Emphysema in Mice
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Lung Fixation under Constant Pressure for Evaluation of Emphysema in Mice

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Automated Measurement of Pulmonary Emphysema and Small Airway Remodeling in Cigarette Smoke-exposed Mice
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Automated Measurement of Pulmonary Emphysema and Small Airway Remodeling in Cigarette Smoke-exposed Mice

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Last Updated: Feb 10, 2026

Orthotopic Left Lung Transplantation in Rats
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Lung Fixation under Constant Pressure for Evaluation of Emphysema in Mice
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Lung Fixation under Constant Pressure for Evaluation of Emphysema in Mice

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Automated Measurement of Pulmonary Emphysema and Small Airway Remodeling in Cigarette Smoke-exposed Mice
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Automated Measurement of Pulmonary Emphysema and Small Airway Remodeling in Cigarette Smoke-exposed Mice

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  • Smoking-induced emphysema (COPD) presents as centrilobular emphysema, driven by elastase/oxidant overload and antiprotease deficiency.
  • Alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency causes rare panlobular emphysema, leading to early death even in non-smokers.
  • Both types exhibit irreversible lung overinflation, bronchial obstruction, and pulmonary hypertension, requiring tailored management.

Impact:

  • Effective management of COPD and alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency emphysema can improve quality of life and survival rates.
  • Long-term oxygen therapy and non-invasive ventilation are crucial for managing hypoxia and hypercapnia.
  • Lung transplantation offers a viable option for improving life expectancy in select non-smoking emphysema patients.