[Doctorates in medicine and pharmacy]

Pharmacists had to wait until the Delong Act in 1979 to obtain a diploma of professional practice giving them the title of doctor. Since 1898, some of them could be called "Doctor of Pharmacy", but this title was neither a university degree nor a diploma of professional practice. A state doctorate of pharmacy was created in 1939 and replaced in 1977 by the doctorate of pharmaceutical sciences which was suppressed in 1984, like all other doctorates as university degrees. With the present reform, the doctorate of medicine, which was both a university degree and a diploma of professional practice, has only kept this latter qualification as "state diploma of doctor of medicine", like the pharmacists new diploma of professional practice. Physicians and pharmacists can now only obtain the highest university grade with the "doctorate" created in 1984. The conditions of obtention are indicated.