Experimental models for microsurgical joint reconstruction in the upper extremity

Microsurgical joint transplantation offers a new approach in the reconstruction of different joints. Experimental trials of the new innovations in the field of joint reconstruction are, however, necessary before they can become clinically useful. The purpose of this study was to investigate the possibility of using an autogenic second metatarsophalangeal joint transplant in the replacement of an acromioclavicular joint with the aid of skeletal and cadaver models. The factors influencing the stability, mobility and durability of the joint in the new task are discussed. Also, the features of operative techniques necessary in this kind of procedure are outlined with reference to microsurgical reconstruction possibilities. The major conclusion is that microsurgical joint transplantation can possibly be used in irreparable acromioclavicular joint situations and that the second metatarsophalangeal joint seems to be a versatile donor joint for different joint reconstruction problems of the upper extremity.