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Comparative adverse effect profiles of platinum drugs
1Oncology Research Centre, Prince of Wales Hospital, New South Wales, Australia.
Drug Safety
|October 1, 1995
Summary
Cisplatin and carboplatin are platinum-based chemotherapy drugs with distinct toxicities. Carboplatin offers a more favorable toxicity profile, particularly regarding kidney, nerve, and hearing damage, compared to cisplatin.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Pharmacology
- Nephrology
Background:
- Cisplatin and carboplatin are widely used platinum(II) chemotherapy agents.
- These drugs differ significantly in their chemical properties, pharmacokinetics, and toxicological profiles.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare the clinical efficacy and toxicity of cisplatin and carboplatin.
- To highlight the differences in side effects, particularly nephrotoxicity, emesis, neurotoxicity, ototoxicity, and hematological toxicity.
Main Methods:
- Review of clinical data and pharmacological properties of cisplatin and carboplatin.
- Comparison of toxicological outcomes including renal function, emesis, neurotoxicity, ototoxicity, and hematological parameters.
Main Results:
- Cisplatin causes severe nephrotoxicity, high emesis rates, peripheral neurotoxicity, and ototoxicity.
- Carboplatin exhibits less nephrotoxicity, moderate emesis, minimal neurotoxicity and ototoxicity, with hematological toxicity being dose-limiting.
- Carboplatin clearance is dependent on renal function, influencing thrombocytopenia severity.
Conclusions:
- Carboplatin presents a more manageable toxicity profile than cisplatin for cancer treatment.
- Understanding the pharmacokinetic and toxicological differences is crucial for optimizing platinum-based chemotherapy.
- New platinum analogues like JM216 show promise for improved oral administration and reduced non-hematological toxicities.