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Related Experiment Videos

Changes in left ventricular activity during apnea and face immersion

M A Frey, R A Kenney

    Undersea Biomedical Research
    |March 1, 1977
    PubMed
    Summary

    The face immersion reflex in swimmers shows that heart rate decreases before ventricular function changes. Colder water accelerates this heart rate response, suggesting separate regulation mechanisms.

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    Area of Science:

    • Physiology
    • Cardiovascular Research

    Background:

    • The face immersion reflex is a physiological response affecting heart rate.
    • Understanding its impact on cardiac function, particularly ventricular function, is crucial.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To analyze the effects of apneic face immersion on heart rate and ventricular function in trained swimmers.
    • To investigate the relationship between heart rate changes and ventricular function during this reflex.

    Main Methods:

    • Beat-by-beat analysis of heart rate and systolic time intervals.
    • Noninvasive assessment of ventricular function using pre-ejection period and left ventricular ejection time.
    • Testing with apnea, face wetting (27°C), and post-exercise conditions.
    • Comparison of responses in colder water (15°C).

    Main Results:

    • Apneic face immersion led to a lengthened pre-ejection period and minimal change in left ventricular ejection time.
    • Ventricular function changes lagged behind heart rate reduction, especially post-exercise.
    • Colder water (15°C) induced a more rapid onset of bradycardia.

    Conclusions:

    • Ventricular function adjustments during the face immersion reflex appear to be regulated independently from heart rate changes.
    • These findings suggest that changes in ventricular function may be a secondary effect of the reflex.
    • A model for the face immersion reflex has been developed based on these observations.

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