A magnetically suspended centrifugal pump. In vitro and in vivo assessment

To overcome problems derived from the shaft within conventional centrifugal pumps, we have developed a new centrifugal pump, the magnetically suspended centrifugal pump (MSCP), which has no shaft and operates as a bearingless centrifugal pump. The impeller is suspended freely and centrally by magnetic force within the pump. Hemolysis tests were performed in comparison with the Biopump. Index of hemolysis and destruction of platelets were significantly lower in the MSCP than in the Biopump. Animal studies were designed to evaluate the durability and antithrombogenicity of the MSCP. Short-term animal studies were performed using two mongrel dogs. Left heart bypass was established with the MSCP. After 3 hr, the layer of thrombus adherent to the surface of the polycarbonate impeller impaired pumping efficiency. However, using the impeller coated with silicone, no thrombus was observed on the impeller after continuous pumping for 24 hr. In addition, long-term animal studies were performed using two sheep. Left heart bypass was established with the MSCP containing an impeller coated with silicone. In one sheep, the MSCP ran for 14 days without problems in pumping performance and showed no thrombus within the pump. In the other sheep, the MSCP ran for 15 days, and showed no thrombus on the impeller. During each experiment, plasma free hemoglobin levels were less than 15 mg/dl. The MSCP induced less hemolysis than did the Biopump, and the MSCP containing an impeller coated with silicone demonstrated the potential to run for 14 days without thrombus formation within the pump.