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Corynebacterium equi enteritis in foals

R E Cimprich, J R Rooney

    Veterinary Pathology
    |March 1, 1977
    PubMed
    Summary

    Two foal cases reveal intestinal damage from Corynebacterium equi, a pathogen causing respiratory illness. Lesions included Peyer's patch necrosis and thickened colonic mucosa, highlighting enteric involvement in this foal disease.

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    Area of Science:

    • Veterinary Pathology
    • Equine Infectious Diseases
    • Microbiology

    Background:

    • Corynebacterium equi (now Rhodococcus equi) is a known cause of respiratory disease in foals.
    • Intestinal involvement by this pathogen is less commonly emphasized but can be severe.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To describe two distinct cases of Corynebacterium equi infection in foals.
    • To detail the intestinal lesions associated with both acute and chronic presentations.
    • To elucidate the histopathological and ultrastructural findings in affected intestinal tissues.

    Main Methods:

    • Case report of two foals with Corynebacterium equi infection.
    • Gross pathological examination of intestinal tissues.
    • Histopathological analysis including Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) staining.
    • Electron microscopy of intestinal mucosa.

    Main Results:

    • Both foals exhibited necrosis of Peyer's patches in the small intestine.
    • The acute case showed focal necrosis and thickened mucosa in the large intestine.
    • The chronic case presented with thickened, rugose, and mottled mucosa of the large intestine.
    • Histology revealed villous atrophy, mucosal necrosis, mesenteric lymph node necrosis, and numerous PAS-positive macrophages containing gram-positive bacilli.
    • Electron microscopy confirmed bacilli within macrophages and the lamina propria, with evidence of binary fission.

    Conclusions:

    • Corynebacterium equi can cause significant intestinal pathology in foals, extending beyond typical respiratory manifestations.
    • Necrosis of Peyer's patches and colonic mucosal changes are key indicators of enteric infection.
    • Histopathological and ultrastructural findings confirm intracellular bacterial presence and replication within macrophages in the intestinal lining.

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