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CO2 retention during hyperbaric exercise while breathing 40/60 nitrox

D Kerem1, Y I Daskalovic, R Arieli

  • 1Israeli Naval Medical Institute, Haifa, Israel.

Undersea & Hyperbaric Medicine : Journal of the Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society, Inc
|December 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary
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Navy divers showed higher carbon dioxide retention (CO2) at depth. Elevated end-tidal CO2 tension (PETCO2) in some divers necessitated depth restrictions to prevent oxygen toxicity during nitrox diving.

Area of Science:

  • Physiology
  • Diving Medicine
  • Occupational Health

Background:

  • Carbon dioxide (CO2) retention is a concern for divers, potentially increasing risks like central nervous system oxygen toxicity.
  • Understanding CO2 levels during exertion at depth is crucial for diver safety.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate CO2 retention in Navy construction divers breathing air and nitrox at simulated depths.
  • To determine the relationship between end-tidal CO2 tension (PETCO2) and safe diving limits.

Main Methods:

  • 24 Navy divers were tested in a pressure chamber breathing air at 1 atm and 40/60 nitrox at 4 atm.
  • Divers exercised at a consistent oxygen consumption (VO2) of approximately 1.3 L/min.
  • End-tidal CO2 tension (PETCO2) was measured at both surface and simulated depth.

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Main Results:

  • Mean PETCO2 at 1 atm was higher in divers than non-divers but did not significantly increase at depth.
  • CO2 retention ranking varied unpredictably at depth, with some divers experiencing shifts up to 10 torr.
  • Six divers exceeded a PETCO2 of 50 torr, a level associated with increased risk of CNS oxygen toxicity.

Conclusions:

  • Elevated PETCO2 in some divers at pressure required setting individual depth limits for nitrox diving to mitigate oxygen toxicity risks.
  • Measurement of PETCO2 during exercise at pressure is recommended for potential nitrox users.
  • Enforcing PO2 limits based on CO2 retention levels (moderate and extreme) is proposed for safer diving practices.