Related Experiment Video
Updated: Oct 13, 2026

Laboratory Estimation of Net Trophic Transfer Efficiencies of PCB Congeners to Lake Trout (Salvelinus namaycush) from Its Prey
Published on: August 29, 2014
Generator column determination of aqueous solubilities for non-ortho and mono-ortho substituted polychlorinated
Abstract:
Aqueous solubilities of four non-ortho and eight mono-ortho substituted PCBs were determined using a generator-column technique followed by subsequent off-line GC/ECD analysis of the aqueous solutions. The method is based on pumping water through a column containing glass beads coated with the congener being studied and has been used to measure solubilities at room temperature. The method circumvents many of the experimental difficulties encountered with the traditional shake-flask system. Aqueous solubility of 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl determined by this procedure is compared with data obtained from the shake-flask method and the computational method. The precision of replicate measurements is better than +/- 6.5%. Aqueous solubilities determined for 12 congeners ranged from 6.07 x 10(-11) to 4.47 x 10(-9) mol/L and generally decreased with molecular weight and increased with degree of ortho-chlorine substitution within a molecular-weight class.
Related Concept Videos
Solubility Equilibria
The...
Factors Affecting Solubility
Nomenclature of Aromatic Compounds with Multiple Substituents
For disubstituted benzene derivatives, with two groups attached to the benzene ring, three constitutional isomers are possible. For example, consider dimethyl benzene, often called xylene, where the second methyl group can be substituted at the second, third, or fourth carbon. The relative position of the substituents is represented by prefixes ortho, meta, or...
Principles Of Column Chromatography
Extraction: Advanced Methods
High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Introduction
In HPLC, two phases play a critical role in the separation process:

