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Communicating hydrocephalus in dogs with congenital ciliary dysfunction

G B Daniel1, D F Edwards, R C Harvey

  • 1Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville, TN 37091, USA.

Developmental Neuroscience
|January 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary

Congenital ciliary dysfunction (CCD) in dogs causes hydrocephalus, significantly increasing brain ventricle size. However, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow rates remain normal, indicating CSF flow impedance is not the cause.

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Neurology
  • Comparative Medicine
  • Neuroimaging

Background:

  • Congenital ciliary dysfunction (CCD) is a condition affecting ependymal cilia, crucial for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dynamics.
  • Hydrocephalus, characterized by excessive CSF accumulation, is a potential complication of neurological disorders.
  • Understanding the pathophysiology of hydrocephalus in CCD is vital for diagnosis and treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between congenital ciliary dysfunction (CCD) and hydrocephalus in dogs.
  • To determine if impaired CSF flow is the underlying cause of ventricular dilation in CCD dogs.

Main Methods:

  • Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and radionuclide ventriculography were used in dogs with CCD and healthy controls.
  • Measurements included ventricular and brain dimensions, volumes, and CSF flow rates.

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  • Hydrocephalus was defined using the percent vertical brain dimension (PVBD) criterion.

    • Main Results:

    • Dogs with CCD exhibited significantly larger PVBD (33.00% vs. 11.07%, p=0.001) and ventricular volumes (10,841 mm³ vs. 3,069 mm³, p=0.021) compared to normal dogs.
    • No significant difference in CSF flow rates was observed between CCD dogs (253.00 mm³/h) and normal dogs (267.67 mm³/h, p=0.876).

    Conclusions:

    • Ventricular dilation in dogs with congenital ciliary dysfunction is significant and indicative of hydrocephalus.
    • The findings suggest that impaired CSF flow is not the primary cause of hydrocephalus in this model.
    • Dysfunctional ependymal cilia may contribute to hydrocephalus through mechanisms other than direct CSF flow impedance.