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Nitric oxide in physiology and pathology

B J Whittle1

  • 1Wellcome Foundation Limited, Beckenham, Kent, UK.

The Histochemical Journal
|October 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary

Nitric oxide (NO), produced by NO synthase, regulates vascular tone and neural function. Inhibiting excessive NO production may treat diseases like septic shock.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Physiology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Nitric oxide (NO) is a signaling molecule with diverse biological functions.
  • NO is synthesized from L-arginine by NO synthase (NOS) enzymes.
  • Two main isoforms of NOS exist: constitutive (cNOS) and inducible (iNOS).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the dual role of nitric oxide (NO) in physiological regulation and pathological conditions.
  • To investigate the significance of the inducible isoform of NO synthase (iNOS) in disease.
  • To highlight the therapeutic potential of selective iNOS inhibitors.

Main Methods:

  • Enzyme kinetics and isoform characterization of NO synthase.
  • Vascular and neural function assays.
  • In vivo models of hypotension and inflammation.

Main Results:

  • Constitutive NOS isoforms regulate vascular tone and neurotransmission.
  • Inducible NOS produces high levels of NO, contributing to hypotension and tissue injury.
  • Selective iNOS inhibition demonstrated therapeutic potential in disease models.

Conclusions:

  • Nitric oxide plays critical roles in both normal physiology and disease pathogenesis.
  • Targeting the inducible NO synthase isoform offers a promising therapeutic strategy for inflammatory and shock conditions.
  • Further research into selective iNOS inhibitors is warranted for clinical application.

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