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Nitric oxide synthase in invertebrates

A Martínez1

  • 1Department of Cytology and Histology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.

The Histochemical Journal
|October 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary
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Nitric oxide (NO) is a key signaling molecule found in many animals. Research shows NO production and its roles in invertebrate physiology, including neurotransmission and defense, are similar to vertebrates.

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Neuroscience
  • Invertebrate Biology

Background:

  • Nitric oxide (NO) is a vital signaling molecule synthesized from L-arginine by nitric oxide synthase (NOS).
  • NOS localization methods include immunocytochemistry and NADPH diaphorase histochemistry.
  • NO signaling is well-established in vertebrates, with growing evidence in invertebrates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the presence and functions of nitric oxide (NO) in invertebrates.
  • To compare NO roles in invertebrates with those in vertebrates.
  • To highlight recent advancements in invertebrate NOS research.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and NADPH diaphorase activity in invertebrates.
  • Analysis of reported sites of NO production across various invertebrate phyla.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Examination of physiological roles attributed to NO in invertebrates.

    • Main Results:

    • NADPH diaphorase activity, indicating NOS presence, is found in most studied invertebrate phyla, except diploblastic animals, flatworms, and nematodes.
    • NO production is frequently observed in the central and peripheral nervous systems, muscle cells of primitive mollusks, and insect Malpighian tubules.
    • Invertebrate NO functions are linked to neurotransmission, defense mechanisms, and salt/water balance, mirroring vertebrate roles.

    Conclusions:

    • Nitric oxide (NO) plays conserved physiological roles across diverse invertebrate groups.
    • The study of invertebrate nitric oxide synthase (NOS) offers valuable insights into evolutionary biology and signaling pathways.
    • Recent cloning of invertebrate NOS opens new research directions.