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Large artery function and alterations in hypertension

G M London1

  • 1F.H. Manhès Hospital Centre, Fleury-Mérogis, France.

Journal of Hypertension. Supplement : Official Journal of the International Society of Hypertension
|August 1, 1995
PubMed
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Hypertension impairs arterial hemodynamics, with aging increasing arterial stiffness and pulse pressure. Certain antihypertensive drugs effectively reduce arterial stiffness and reverse left ventricular hypertrophy.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Physiology
  • Hypertension Research
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Hypertension is characterized by impaired arterial hemodynamics, involving fluctuations in blood pressure.
  • Arterial hemodynamics are influenced by ventricular ejection, arterial distensibility, and wave reflections.
  • Aging leads to stiffening of large arteries, decreasing distensibility and increasing pulse pressure amplitude.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the impact of aging on large arteries and its consequences.
  • To investigate the effects of antihypertensive drugs on arterial distensibility and left ventricular hypertrophy.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of arterial distensibility (Di = delta D/delta P x D) in relation to aging.
  • Evaluation of pulse pressure mechanisms, including incident and reflected pressure waves.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Assessment of antihypertensive drug effects on arterial stiffness and left ventricular hypertrophy.

    • Main Results:

    • Arterial stiffening with age increases systolic pressure and decreases diastolic pressure, raising pulse pressure.
    • In older individuals, reflected waves exacerbate central systolic pressure, negatively impacting left ventricular function.
    • Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and calcium antagonists reduce arterial stiffness and promote regression of left ventricular hypertrophy.

    Conclusions:

    • Aging-induced arterial stiffening contributes to adverse cardiovascular changes, including left ventricular hypertrophy.
    • Specific antihypertensive medications offer benefits beyond blood pressure reduction by improving arterial properties.