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UCLA Loneliness Scale (Version 3): reliability, validity, and factor structure

D W Russell1

  • 1Department of Psychology, Iowa State University Ames 50011-3180, USA.

Journal of Personality Assessment
|February 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary
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The UCLA Loneliness Scale (Version 3) demonstrates strong reliability and validity across diverse populations. This validated scale is suitable for measuring loneliness in future research and clinical settings.

Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Psychometrics
  • Social Science Research

Background:

  • Loneliness is a significant aspect of mental health and well-being.
  • Accurate measurement of loneliness is crucial for research and intervention.
  • The UCLA Loneliness Scale (Version 3) is a revised instrument for assessing loneliness.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the psychometric properties of the UCLA Loneliness Scale (Version 3).
  • To assess the reliability, validity, and factor structure of the scale.
  • To determine the scale's suitability for diverse demographic groups.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of existing data from studies involving college students, nurses, teachers, and the elderly.
  • Evaluation of internal consistency (coefficient alpha) and test-retest reliability.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Assessment of convergent and construct validity through correlations with related measures.
  • Confirmatory factor analyses to examine the scale's factor structure.

    • Main Results:

    • The UCLA Loneliness Scale (Version 3) exhibited high internal consistency (alpha = .89–.94) and good test-retest reliability (r = .73 over 1 year).
    • Convergent validity was supported by significant correlations with other loneliness measures.
    • Construct validity was demonstrated through associations with interpersonal relationship adequacy, health, and well-being.
    • Confirmatory factor analyses supported a model with a global loneliness factor and two method factors.

    Conclusions:

    • The UCLA Loneliness Scale (Version 3) is a reliable and valid instrument for measuring loneliness.
    • The scale's psychometric properties are robust across different populations.
    • Findings support the use of the UCLA Loneliness Scale (Version 3) in future research on loneliness and well-being.