Paranasal sinuses of the adult buffalo (bubalus bubalis)

In addition to sinus conchalis, four paranasal sinuses; sinus frontalis, sinus lacrimalis, sinus maxillaris and sinus palatinus have been found to occur in adult buffalo. The sinus sphenoidalis was not noticeable, whereas all other paranasal sinuses were well developed. The sinus frontalis in buffalo differs from that in ox, in that, in buffalo it does not involve any part of os-temporale; its sinus frontalis caudolateralis subdivided by the septum sinuum frontalium transversus rostralis; another transverse septum, the septum frontalium transversus caudalis separates the sinus frontalis from its diverticulum nuchale; the diverticulum nuchale is much more extensive due to well developed os parietale in this species than in ox and is further subdivisible into four subcompartments. The sinus lacrimalis, sinus maxillaris and sinus palatinus do not present much appreciable differences from those in ox. The topographic description of all the compartments, diverticulae, septae and communication of the paranasal sinuses in buffalo has been presented. The most suitable site of trephining the sinuses has been suggested.