Related Experiment Videos
[Mucopolysaccharidoses]
S Fukuda1, K Sukegawa, S Tomatsu
1Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Gifu University.
Nihon Rinsho. Japanese Journal of Clinical Medicine
|December 1, 1995
Summary
Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) are genetic lysosomal storage diseases due to enzyme deficiencies. Research is advancing molecular diagnostics and developing innovative therapies like enzyme replacement and gene transfer for MPS patients.
Area of Science:
- Biochemistry
- Genetics
- Cell Biology
Context:
- Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) are a group of rare genetic lysosomal storage disorders.
- These disorders result from deficiencies in enzymes responsible for degrading mucopolysaccharides (glycosaminoglycans).
- Accumulation of undegraded glycosaminoglycans in cells and their excretion in urine characterize MPS.
Purpose:
- To review the molecular basis of Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS).
- To discuss the genotype-phenotype correlations and diagnostic advancements.
- To highlight the progress in therapeutic strategies for MPS.
Summary:
- There are 10 known enzyme deficiencies leading to six distinct MPS types, exhibiting clinical similarities across deficiencies and wide phenotypic variation within a single type.
- Cloning of cDNAs and genomic DNA for defect enzymes has enabled detailed mutational analyses.
- These analyses reveal the molecular basis, correlate genotype with phenotype, and facilitate accurate heterozygote diagnosis.
Impact:
- Advances in understanding MPS molecular genetics facilitate precise diagnosis and genetic counseling.
- Development of supportive management strategies improves patient quality of life.
- Emerging therapies including bone marrow transplantation (BMT), recombinant enzyme administration, and gene transfer offer new hope for MPS treatment.