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Enzyme polymorphism and function during embryonic development

M L Netzloff, O M Rennert

    Annals of Clinical and Laboratory Science
    |May 1, 1977
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Teratogen exposure alters enzyme patterns during embryonic development. Specifically, persistent lactate dehydrogenase-5 (LDH-5) in rat yolk sacs correlates with depressed embryonic cellular respiration, suggesting a link to developmental toxicity.

    Area of Science:

    • Biochemistry
    • Developmental Biology
    • Toxicology

    Background:

    • Enzyme isozyme patterns change during normal embryogenesis.
    • Teratogen exposure can disrupt normal embryonic enzyme ontogeny, affecting both embryos and yolk sacs.
    • Altered isozyme patterns may serve as indicators of developmental abnormalities.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the impact of 9-methyl pteroylglutamic acid (PGA) on enzyme isozymes during rat embryogenesis.
    • To determine if teratogen-induced changes in lactate dehydrogenase-5 (LDH-5) affect embryonic cellular respiration.
    • To explore the relationship between isozyme alterations and metabolic changes in teratogen-exposed embryos and yolk sacs.

    Main Methods:

    • Electrophoretic analysis of enzyme isozyme patterns in rat embryos and yolk sacs.

    Related Experiment Videos

  • Exposure of pregnant rats to a teratogenic regimen of 9-methyl PGA.
  • Measurement of cellular respiration (oxygen consumption) in treated embryos and visceral yolk sacs.

    • Main Results:

    • 9-methyl PGA exposure led to the persistence of lactate dehydrogenase-5 (LDH-5) in the rat yolk sac beyond its normal involution period.
    • Cellular respiration in 9-methyl PGA-treated embryos was found to be depressed.
    • No significant changes in oxidative metabolism were observed in the visceral yolk sacs of similarly treated pregnancies.

    Conclusions:

    • Persistence of LDH-5 in the yolk sac following 9-methyl PGA exposure is linked to depressed embryonic cellular respiration.
    • Metabolic alterations in yolk-sac isozymes may explain the lack of change in oxygen consumption.
    • Changes in LDH and other isozyme patterns could potentially be used to predict chemical teratogenicity.