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Evolution of the cell cycle

K Nasmyth1

  • 1Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna, Austria.

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences
|September 29, 1995
PubMed
Summary

Early cell evolution involved genome duplication and segregation improvements, leading to distinct genomic and functional components. This paved the way for complex eukaryotic cell structures and accelerated evolution.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Cell proliferation requires precise duplication and segregation of cellular components.
  • Primitive cell-like structures likely faced challenges with fidelity and parasitism.
  • This drove the evolution of the genome and distinct synthesis patterns for genomic and functional components.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the evolutionary trajectory of cell proliferation from primitive structures to early eukaryotic cells.
  • To understand the role of genome duplication and segregation in early cellular evolution.
  • To investigate the impact of cytoskeletal evolution on cell division and genomic expansion.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of primitive and early eukaryotic cell division mechanisms.
  • Hypothetical reconstruction of evolutionary pathways for cell proliferation.
  • Examination of the relationship between genome replication origins and segregation fidelity.

Main Results:

  • The evolution of the genome distinguished periodic (chromosomal) and continuous (functional) component synthesis.
  • Eukaryotic cells evolved from bacteria, developing endo-/cytoskeletons for consuming other cells.
  • Cytoskeletal evolution enabled the mitotic spindle, facilitating sister chromatid segregation from multiple origins.

Conclusions:

  • The evolution of the mitotic spindle and multiple replication origins in primitive eukaryotes allowed for enhanced genomic expansion.
  • Cyclin-dependent kinases likely regulated cell cycle phases (S and M).
  • Mitotic non-disjunction accelerated evolutionary tempo by facilitating genomic expansion under favorable environmental conditions.

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