New approaches to endoscopic therapy for hemostasis of upper GI bleed

Hematemesis and/or melena are the most common presentations of upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Endoscopic hemostasis after diagnosis still remains a challenge to the gastroenterologist. Most variceal and peptic ulcer bleeding episodes stop spontaneously, and then prevention of rebleeding might be indicated by endoscopic techniques. Four not so well known endoscopic hemostasis techniques are discussed and comparative studies are reviewed.