Leydig cell tumour in a man with human immunodeficiency virus

We report a case of Leydig-cell testicular tumour in a 32-year-old intravenous drug abuser bearing HIV-infection and pulmonary tuberculosis. The testicular mass was initially interpreted as genital tuberculosis and the diagnosis was made by aspiration cytology. Radical orchiectomy was performed and pathology revealed a Leydig-cell tumour. Gynecomastia was found as a possible sign of endocrine activity. Although testicular malignancies in men with human immunodeficiency virus are increasingly reported, this is the first case of Leydig-cell neoplasia associated to HIV-infection.