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Microbial carotenoids

E A Johnson1, W A Schroeder

  • 1University of Wisconsin, Department of Food Microbiology, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.

Advances in Biochemical Engineering/Biotechnology
|January 1, 1996
PubMed
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Carotenoids, vital pigments found in plants and microbes, offer health benefits and are increasingly in demand. Microbial synthesis presents a sustainable production method for these valuable compounds.

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry and Microbiology
  • Phylogenetics and Evolutionary Biology
  • Nutritional Science and Human Health

Background:

  • Carotenoids are widespread in photosynthetic organisms, with origins traced to cyanobacteria and eubacteria.
  • Their presence is sporadic in nonphotosynthetic bacteria and eukaryotes, indicating diverse evolutionary acquisition.
  • Animals do not synthesize carotenoids but benefit from their antioxidant and disease-preventive properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the phylogeny of carotenoid-producing organisms.
  • To identify potential sources for carotenoid extraction and production.
  • To highlight the growing importance of carotenoids in human health and aquaculture.

Main Methods:

  • Phylogenetic analysis of carotenogenic organisms.

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  • Comparative analysis of carotenoid diversity across different taxa.
  • Review of current and projected market demands for carotenoids.

    • Main Results:

    • Cyanobacteria and eubacteria are identified as primordial carotenogenic organisms.
    • Plants and algae show predictable carotenoid profiles due to endosymbiosis, unlike prokaryotes and fungi.
    • Increasing demand for carotenoids is driven by aquaculture growth and their role in preventing human diseases.

    Conclusions:

    • Understanding carotenoid phylogeny aids in identifying optimal microbial sources.
    • Microbial synthesis is a promising and sustainable strategy for carotenoid production.
    • The dual role of carotenoids in aquaculture and human health underscores their economic and biological significance.