[Bronchiolitis obliterans in the child]

Bronchiolitis obliterans (BO) is an unusual illness; however it has increased in the last few years. In children it is usually postinfectious, and it is caused by different agents, and it is considered as a long term sequelae of viral infection. BO is suspected when respiratory signs and symptoms persist after a pulmonary infection, mainly viral. The prognosis depends on an early diagnosis. BO may lead to pulmonary fibrosis or COPD. The response to treatment is successful in the early stage of disease. It is necessary to follow children with viral pulmonary infection, doing pulmonary function tests, arterial blood gases and spirometry.