Long-term cultivation of adult rat hepatocytes that undergo multiple cell divisions and express normal parenchymal phenotypes

The present study succeeded in cultivating normal adult rat hepatocytes for at least 85 days without losing their replicative potential and differentiation capacity. Small pieces of hepatocyte aggregates (clusters) were prepared from the primary culture of hepatocytes and used as starting material for the growth experiment. Some of the hepatocytes started to proliferate at 3 days when the clusters were cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum, 10 ng/ml epidermal growth factor, 10 mmol/L nicotinamide, 0.2 mmol/L L-ascorbic acid 2-phosphate, and 1% dimethylsulfoxide. Clusters continued to grow and formed colonies. All the cells covering colonies expressed normal hepatocyte-specific proteins. The number of albumin-expressing cells in the most replicative colonies increased sixfold during 32 days. Most of the cells were mononucleate and small in size and some of them expressed immature hepatocyte markers such as alpha-fetoprotein. Electron microscopy of cells in colonies revealed the presence of peroxisomes in the cytoplasm and desmosomes, tight junctions, and bile canaliculus-like structures between the cells. Depletion of one of the additives inhibited the growth of hepatocytes. The culture medium used also supported the growth of stellate cells (Ito cells) that had contaminated the original preparation in small numbers and seems to cooperatively stimulate a proliferative population of hepatocytes.