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Epinephrine-induced changes in human cochlear blood flow

J M Miller1, E A Laurikainen, R A Grénman

  • 1Kresge Hearing Research Institute, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109-0506, USA.

The American Journal of Otology
|May 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary
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Topical epinephrine significantly reduced cochlear blood flow (CBF) in humans, potentially causing hearing loss. Systemic epinephrine increased blood pressure and CBF. The round window membrane may offer therapeutic routes for CBF modulation.

Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Neurosurgery
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Cochlear blood flow (CBF) is crucial for auditory function.
  • Adrenergic agents are known to affect vascular tone.
  • The role of these agents in human cochlear circulation requires further elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of topical and systemic epinephrine on human cochlear blood flow.
  • To assess the impact of epinephrine on the round window membrane (RWM).
  • To explore potential therapeutic implications for sensorineural hearing loss.

Main Methods:

  • Laser Doppler flowmetry was used to monitor CBF in the stria vascularis.
  • Five human subjects undergoing middle ear surgery were studied.
  • Effects of topical (1:10,000) and systemic (0.3 microgram/kg) epinephrine were examined.

Related Experiment Videos

Main Results:

  • Topical epinephrine caused a mean 60% reduction in CBF, with slow recovery (>10 min).
  • Systemic epinephrine increased blood pressure by 90% and CBF by 50%.
  • Human CBF responses to epinephrine were more pronounced than in animal models.

Conclusions:

  • Topical epinephrine applied to the RWM significantly reduces CBF, potentially compromising cochlear function.
  • These findings may explain hearing loss or tinnitus after middle ear procedures using topical epinephrine.
  • The RWM's semipermeability suggests potential for therapeutic vasodilative agent delivery to increase CBF.