An extension of the Maximum Lod Score method to X-linked loci

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Updated: Nov 6, 2026

Large-Scale Multi-Omics Genome-Wide Association Studies (Mo-GWAS): Guidelines for Sample Preparation and Normalization
08:27

Large-Scale Multi-Omics Genome-Wide Association Studies (Mo-GWAS): Guidelines for Sample Preparation and Normalization

Published on: July 27, 2021

H J Cordell1, Y Kawaguchi, J A Todd

  • 1Nuffield Department of Surgery, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford.

Annals of Human Genetics
|October 1, 1995
PubMed

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X-linked Traits01:19

X-linked Traits

In most mammalian species, females have two X sex chromosomes and males have an X and Y. As a result, mutations on the X chromosome in females may be masked by the presence of a normal allele on the second X. In contrast, a mutation on the X chromosome in males more often causes observable biological defects, as there is no normal X to compensate. Trait variations arising from mutations on the X chromosome are called “X-linked”.
X-linked Traits01:19

X-linked Traits

In most mammalian species, females have two X sex chromosomes and males have an X and Y. As a result, mutations on the X chromosome in females may be masked by the presence of a normal allele on the second X. In contrast, a mutation on the X chromosome in males more often causes observable biological defects, as there is no normal X to compensate. Trait variations arising from mutations on the X chromosome are called “X-linked”.
Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS01:11

Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS

Genome-wide association studies or GWAS are used to identify whether common SNPs are associated with certain diseases. Suppose specific SNPs are more frequently observed in individuals with a particular disease than those without the disease. In that case, those SNPs are said to be associated with the disease. Chi-square analysis is performed to check the probability of the allele likely to be associated with the disease.
GWAS does not require the identification of the target gene involved in...
Multiple Allele Traits02:19

Multiple Allele Traits

For the same gene multiple alleles can interact to influence phenotypes like the shape and protein composition of an individual cells.By studying allele interactions on the molecular and cellular levels researchers can understand the resulting phenotypes and complications of human conditions like sickle cell trait, improving treatment.The ABO blood group system is a common example of multiple alleles in humans. This system includes three alleles called IA, IB, and i alleles, which combine in...
Multiple Allele Traits02:19

Multiple Allele Traits

For the same gene multiple alleles can interact to influence phenotypes like the shape and protein composition of an individual cells.By studying allele interactions on the molecular and cellular levels researchers can understand the resulting phenotypes and complications of human conditions like sickle cell trait, improving treatment.The ABO blood group system is a common example of multiple alleles in humans. This system includes three alleles called IA, IB, and i alleles, which combine in...
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Pedigree Analysis

A pedigree is a diagram displaying a family’s history of a trait. Analyzing pedigrees can reveal (1) whether a trait is dominant or recessive, (2) the type of chromosome, autosomal or sex, a trait is linked to, (3) genotypes of family members, and (4) probabilities of phenotypes in future generations. For families with a history of autosomal or sex-linked diseases, this information can be crucial to family planning.Pedigrees Display Family HistoriesIn various plant and animal species,...