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Alignment and joint motion in the normal foot

M Aström1, T Arvidson

  • 1Department of Orthopaedics, Malmö General Hospital, Lund University, Sweden.

The Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy
|November 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary
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See all related articles

The traditional "ideal foot" concept is rarely observed in healthy individuals. This biomechanical study suggests abandoning this theoretical model in favor of clinical observation for foot assessments.

Area of Science:

  • Podiatry
  • Biomechanics
  • Orthopedics

Background:

  • The conventional biomechanical model of the foot assumes an "ideal foot" posture for optimal function and injury prevention.
  • This ideal is characterized by a vertical stance of the calf and calcaneus in subtalar neutral.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically evaluate the concept of the "ideal foot" using normative goniometric data.
  • To determine the prevalence of the theoretical "ideal foot" in a healthy population.

Main Methods:

  • A clinical assessment of 121 healthy adults (59 male, 62 female) aged 20-50.
  • Measurements included ankle/subtalar joint motion, subtalar neutral, forefoot alignment, calcaneal stance, and tibia to vertical angle.

Main Results:

Related Experiment Videos

  • Most subjects exhibited subtalar neutral in valgus (mean 2°), forefoot varus (mean 6°), calcaneal stance valgus (mean 7°), and tibial varus (mean 6°).
  • Women demonstrated a wider range of motion in the ankle and subtalar joints compared to men.
  • No participants met the criteria for the theoretical "ideal foot".

Conclusions:

  • The "ideal foot" is an uncommon foot posture and its theoretical basis should be reconsidered.
  • Clinical assessment and observation are more practical references than the theoretical "ideal foot" model.