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Antigenic differences among pestiviruses

S Edwards1, D Paton

  • 1Virology Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries, and Food, Central Veterinary Laboratory, Weybridge, United Kingdom.

The Veterinary Clinics of North America. Food Animal Practice
|November 1, 1995
PubMed
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Monoclonal antibody typing and genetic analysis reveal four pestivirus clusters. These findings aid in understanding and controlling bovine viral diarrhea, swine fever, and border disease, impacting livestock health.

Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Virology
  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Pestiviruses are significant pathogens affecting livestock globally.
  • Accurate classification of pestiviruses is crucial for effective disease management and control strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To delineate distinct antigenic clusters within the pestivirus genus.
  • To correlate these clusters with known pestivirus species and disease manifestations.
  • To assess the implications for pestivirus diagnosis and control.

Main Methods:

  • Monoclonal antibody (MAb) typing was employed to assess antigenic relationships among pestivirus isolates.
  • Genetic sequence comparisons were used to supplement antibody-based typing.
  • Isolates from various animal species (sheep, pigs, cattle) were analyzed.

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Main Results:

  • Four distinct antigenic clusters were identified within the pestivirus genus.
  • Cluster 1 corresponds to bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) strains.
  • Cluster 2 represents classic swine fever virus (CSFV) strains.
  • Cluster 3 comprises "true" border disease virus (BDV) isolates.
  • Cluster 4 is antigenically distinct, found in sheep, pigs, and cattle, including recent severe hemorrhagic disease isolates from the USA.

Conclusions:

  • Monoclonal antibody typing combined with genetic analysis provides robust pestivirus classification.
  • Identification of four antigenic clusters refines our understanding of pestivirus diversity and host range.
  • These findings have direct implications for improving diagnostic accuracy and developing targeted control measures for economically important pestiviruses.