Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Experiment Videos

The menopause revisited

G Samsioe1

  • 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lund University Hospital, Sweden.

International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics: the Official Organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics
|October 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Related Concept Videos

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Increased blood cadmium levels were not associated with increased fracture risk but with increased total mortality in women: the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study.

Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA·2017
Same author

Optimal tolerability of ultra-low-dose continuous combined 17beta-estradiol and norethisterone acetate: laboratory and safety results.

Climacteric : the journal of the International Menopause Society·2009
Same author

Sociodemographic risk factors of metabolic syndrome in middle-aged women: results from a population-based study of Swedish women, The Women's Health in the Lund Area (WHILA) Study.

Climacteric : the journal of the International Menopause Society·2008
Same author

Symptoms in peri- and postmenopausal women in relation to testosterone concentrations: data from The Women's Health in the Lund Area (WHILA) study.

Climacteric : the journal of the International Menopause Society·2008
Same author

Could androgens protect middle-aged women from cardiovascular events? A population-based study of Swedish women: The Women's Health in the Lund Area (WHILA) Study.

Climacteric : the journal of the International Menopause Society·2007
Same author

Zoledronic acid efficacy and safety over five years in postmenopausal osteoporosis.

Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA·2007
Same journal

Letter to the editor: Anovulatory bleeding and the spectrum of bleeding disorders: Understanding heavy menstrual bleeding in adolescents.

International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics·2026
Same journal

Response to Letter to the Editor - anovulatory bleeding and the spectrum of bleeding disorders: Understanding heavy menstrual bleeding in adolescents.

International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics·2026
Same journal

Impact of Cell Saver technology on pro-hemostatic factors transfusion in placenta accreta spectrum interventions: A 10-year retrospective single-center study.

International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics·2026
Same journal

Beyond coverage: A dual-standard cascade and latent class analysis of maternal healthcare continuity in Ghana-Identifying who gets left behind and why.

International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics·2026
Same journal

Influence of class III obesity on mode of delivery and perinatal complications in nulliparous women: A matched case-control study.

International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics·2026
Same journal

Contraceptive implant discontinuation at one year in adults and adolescents: Implications for adolescent reproductive health services.

International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics·2026
See all related articles

Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) effectively manages menopausal symptoms and prevents bone loss and heart disease. However, long-term HRT cost-effectiveness is debated due to monitoring needs and side effect risks, with vaginal estrogen offering a cost-effective alternative.

Area of Science:

  • Menopause and Women's Health
  • Endocrinology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Increasing female life expectancy leads to more postmenopausal years, impacting healthcare resources.
  • Women over 50 constitute a significant population segment, necessitating effective health management strategies.
  • Hormonal deficiency is a common state for a substantial portion of women's lives post-menopause.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) for menopausal symptoms and chronic disease prevention.
  • To address concerns regarding the long-term cost-effectiveness of HRT, considering monitoring requirements and potential side effects.
  • To explore alternative and potentially more cost-effective estrogen therapies, such as low-dose vaginal estrogens.

Main Methods:

Related Experiment Videos

  • Review of existing literature on HRT efficacy for vasomotor symptoms, bone loss, and cardiovascular disease.
  • Analysis of cost-effectiveness data related to HRT, including monitoring and side effect management.
  • Evaluation of low-dose vaginal estrogen therapy for urogenital atrophy and its systemic effects.

Main Results:

  • Estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) is highly effective for vasomotor symptoms, outperforming other treatments.
  • HRT demonstrates significant benefits in preventing bone loss, osteoporotic fractures, and potentially heart disease.
  • Low-dose vaginal estrogen therapy shows negligible systemic absorption and high cost-effectiveness due to minimal monitoring needs.

Conclusions:

  • HRT is effective for menopausal symptom management and disease prevention, but long-term cost-effectiveness is contingent on minimizing monitoring.
  • Low-dose vaginal estrogen therapy presents a highly cost-effective option for urogenital estrogen deficiency.
  • Further research and product development are needed to optimize HRT safety, reduce side effects, and enhance cost-effectiveness, with emerging data suggesting potential benefits for Alzheimer's and breast cancer recovery.